第 3 章命令行测试执行器

PHPUnit 命令行测试执行器可通过 phpunit 命令调用。下面的代码展示了如何用 PHPUnit 命令行测试执行器来运行测试：

phpunit ArrayTest
PHPUnit 4.7.0 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

..

Time: 0 seconds


OK (2 tests, 2 assertions)

上面这个调用例子中，PHPUnit 命令行测试执行器将在当前工作目录中寻找 ArrayTest.php 源文件并加载之。而在此源文件中应当能找到 ArrayTest 测试用例类，此类中的测试将被执行。

对于每个测试的运行，PHPUnit 命令行工具输出一个字符来指示进展：

.: 当测试成功时输出。
F: 当测试方法运行过程中一个断言失败时输出。
E: 当测试方法运行过程中产生一个错误时输出。
R: 当测试被标记为有风险时输出（参见第 6 章）。
S: 当测试被跳过时输出（参见第 7 章）。
I: 当测试被标记为不完整或未实现时输出（参见第 7 章）。

PHPUnit 区分 败(failure)与错误(error)。失败指的是被违背了的 PHPUnit 断言，例如一个失败的 assertEquals() 调用。错误指的是意料之外的异常(exception)或 PHP 错误。这种差异已被证明在某些时候是非常有用的，因为错误往往比失败更容易修复。如果得到了一个非常长的问题列表，那么最好先对付错误，当错误全部修复了之后再试一次瞧瞧还有没有失败。

命令行选项

让我们来瞧瞧以下代码中命令行测试运行器的各种选项：

phpunit --help
PHPUnit 4.7.0 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Usage: phpunit [options] UnitTest [UnitTest.php]
       phpunit [options] <directory>

Code Coverage Options:

  --coverage-clover <file>  Generate code coverage report in Clover XML format.
  --coverage-crap4j <file>  Generate code coverage report in Crap4J XML format.
  --coverage-html <dir>     Generate code coverage report in HTML format.
  --coverage-php <file>     Export PHP_CodeCoverage object to file.
  --coverage-text=<file>    Generate code coverage report in text format.
                            Default: Standard output.
  --coverage-xml <dir>      Generate code coverage report in PHPUnit XML format.

Logging Options:

  --log-junit <file>        Log test execution in JUnit XML format to file.
  --log-tap <file>          Log test execution in TAP format to file.
  --log-json <file>         Log test execution in JSON format.
  --testdox-html <file>     Write agile documentation in HTML format to file.
  --testdox-text <file>     Write agile documentation in Text format to file.

Test Selection Options:

  --filter <pattern>        Filter which tests to run.
  --testsuite <pattern>     Filter which testsuite to run.
  --group ...               Only runs tests from the specified group(s).
  --exclude-group ...       Exclude tests from the specified group(s).
  --list-groups             List available test groups.
  --test-suffix ...         Only search for test in files with specified
                            suffix(es). Default: Test.php,.phpt

Test Execution Options:

  --report-useless-tests    Be strict about tests that do not test anything.
  --strict-coverage         Be strict about unintentionally covered code.
  --strict-global-state     Be strict about changes to global state
  --disallow-test-output    Be strict about output during tests.
  --enforce-time-limit      Enforce time limit based on test size.
  --disallow-todo-tests     Disallow @todo-annotated tests.

  --process-isolation       Run each test in a separate PHP process.
  --no-globals-backup       Do not backup and restore $GLOBALS for each test.
  --static-backup           Backup and restore static attributes for each test.

  --colors                  Use colors in output.
  --columns <n>             Number of columns to use for progress outout.
  --columns max             Use maximum number of columns for progress outout.
  --stderr                  Write to STDERR instead of STDOUT.
  --stop-on-error           Stop execution upon first error.
  --stop-on-failure         Stop execution upon first error or failure.
  --stop-on-risky           Stop execution upon first risky test.
  --stop-on-skipped         Stop execution upon first skipped test.
  --stop-on-incomplete      Stop execution upon first incomplete test.
  -v|--verbose              Output more verbose information.
  --debug                   Display debugging information during test execution.

  --loader <loader>         TestSuiteLoader implementation to use.
  --repeat <times>          Runs the test(s) repeatedly.
  --tap                     Report test execution progress in TAP format.
  --testdox                 Report test execution progress in TestDox format.
  --printer <printer>       TestListener implementation to use.

Configuration Options:

  --bootstrap <file>        A "bootstrap" PHP file that is run before the tests.
  -c|--configuration <file> Read configuration from XML file.
  --no-configuration        Ignore default configuration file (phpunit.xml).
  --include-path <path(s)>  Prepend PHP's include_path with given path(s).
  -d key[=value]            Sets a php.ini value.

Miscellaneous Options:

  -h|--help                 Prints this usage information.
  --version                 Prints the version and exits.

phpunit UnitTest

运行由 UnitTest 类提供的测试。这个类应当在 UnitTest.php 源文件中声明。

UnitTest 这个类必须满足以下二个条件之一：要么它继承自 PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase；要么它提供 public static suite() 方法，这个方法返回一个 PHPUnit_Framework_Test 对象，比如，一个 PHPUnit_Framework_TestSuite 类的实例。

phpunit UnitTest UnitTest.php

运行由 UnitTest 类提供的测试。这个类应当在指定的源文件中声明。

--coverage-clover

为运行的测试生成带有代码覆盖率信息的 XML 格式的日志文件。更多细节请参见第 14 章。